Integrasi Akal dan Wahyu dalam Penetapan Hukum Islam: Kajian Filosofis atas Pemikiran Kontemporer

Abstract

Ideally, Islamic law functions as a normative system capable of addressing various human problems in a just, rational, and contextual manner through the integration of reason (aql) and revelation (naql). In reality, however, contemporary Islamic law often falls into a dichotomy between textual and rational approaches, leading to an epistemological crisis in the process of legal formulation. This study aims to philosophically analyze how the integration of reason and revelation can shape a new paradigm in the methodology of ijtihad that is relevant to modern challenges. This research employs a qualitative-descriptive approach with the library research method, supported by a hermeneutic-philosophical analysis of contemporary Muslim thinkers such as Fazlur Rahman, Jasser Auda, and Muhammad Abid al-Jabiri. Primary data are derived from the original works of these scholars, while secondary data come from supporting literature on the epistemology of Islamic law. The findings reveal that the integration of reason and revelation generates a new ijtihad paradigm that is multidisciplinary, rational, and maqasid-oriented, as reflected in the concepts of double movement, maqasid system, and the bayaniburhaniirfani reasoning model. This paradigm enables Islamic law to evolve into a more humanistic, contextual, and responsive system, capable of addressing contemporary issues such as bioethics, gender justice, and global social transformation.